![]() In a study by Lang, Greenwald, Bradley, and Hamm (1993), bivariate associations between affective judgments, expressivity, and physiological responses were investigated. Coherence has been demonstrated between facial behaviors and self-report of experience (see for example Ekman, Davidson, & Friesen, 1990 Ekman, Friesen, & Ancoli, 1980 Larsen, Norris, & Cacioppo, 2003 Rosenberg & Ekman, 1994) and between facial behaviors and physiology (see for example Levenson, Ekman, & Friesen, 1990). Most studies investigating emotion coherence have examined just two of the emotion response domains at a time. More recently, Scherer (1984, 2001) has argued that synchronization among components (or emotional responses) permits the emergence of the subjective experience of emotion ( Grandjean, Sander, & Scherer, 2008), and is necessary to form a so-called full-blown emotion (see also Baumeister, Vohs, DeWall, & Zhang 2007), where all emotional components are engaged. For example, Tomkins (1962) argued that emotions are composed of specific patterns of correlated responses. Many theorists see coherence among emotional response channels as the defining feature of an emotion episode ( Ekman, 1972, 1992 Lazarus, 1991 Levenson, 1994 Tomkins, 1962). These findings help to clarify the nature of emotion response coherence by showing how different forms of emotion regulation may differentially affect it. ![]() By contrast, acceptance was not significantly different from the unregulated condition. Results again showed that suppression decreased coherence. ![]() Study 2 tested how multi-channel suppression (simultaneously targeting expressive and physiological responses) and acceptance influence emotion coherence. Results showed that both strategies decreased the response coherence measured in negative and positive contexts. Study 1 tested how two types of suppression (expressive and physiological) influence coherence. Cross-correlations were used to quantify emotion coherence. To address this issue, we recorded experiential, behavioral, and physiological responses while participants watched negative and positive pictures. Surprisingly little is known, however, on how the strength of this emotion coherence is altered when people try to regulate their emotions. One of the central tenets of emotion theory is that emotions involve coordinated changes across experiential, behavioral, and physiological response domains.
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